Natural Selection for the Birds Lab Report Essay Essays

Common Selection just plain silly Lab Report Essay Essays Common Selection just plain silly Lab Report Essay Common Selection just plain silly Lab Report Essay Purpose:To discover which fowls with which bills endure best in their condition contingent upon the sort of supplement accessible. Question:What is the outcome of the sort of supplement accessible on the frequence of various kinds of feathered creature bills? Hypothesis:If the supplement type modifications in nature. so the total of each kind of fowl mouths will change since flying creatures with noses increasingly reasonable to the accessible supplement will be progressively effective over clasp. Variables:The free factor of the lab is the kind of supplement that is accessible to the fowls. The reliant variable of the lab is the frequence of each kind size and state of bills. Materials:100 helianthus seeds100 raisins100 grains of rice2 forks2 spoons2 knivesFictile cup Procedure:1. Assemble around the outskirt of the even exhibit texture. mixing the three gatherings sensibly similarly. 2. Get supplement pieces just with your apparatus. using the support of utensils in a single manus. emulating the activity of a nose. 3. Get one bit of supplement at a clasp. furthermore, put it in your cup ( â€Å"stomach† ) before picking another bit of supplement. 4. Keep your natural structure off the even cluster texture and get supplement only inside your range. 5. Start just when the teacher says â€Å"Go† and complete when the sum total of what supplement has been â€Å"eaten. † Information Environment with Equal Sums of Insects. Seeds. what's more, Fruit Second GenerationFlock TenFlock YFlock ZInsects Eaten 353233Seeds Eaten344620Fruit Eaten78157Entire1479360Percentage49 %31 %20 %Fake Number of Birdsin Flock for third Coevals1596 Information Changed Environment with Equal Sums of Insects and Seeds however No Fruit. First GenerationFlock TenFlock YFlock ZInsects Eaten306060Seeds Eaten279330Entire5715390Percentage19 %51 %30 %Fake Number of Birdsin Flock for second Coevals6159 Second GenerationFlock TenFlock YFlock ZInsects Eaten1510044Seeds Eaten178044Entire3218088Percentage11 %60 %29 %Fake Number of Birdsin Flock for third Coevals3189 Analysis:Based on the data in the principal table run X expends to a great extent natural product. At the point when natural product was taken off there was a reducing in the figure of winged creatures that rush X contained. Herd Y expends to a great extent seeds. There was no outcome on group Yttrium when natural product was expelled. Because of the way that run Z eats to a great extent bugs. the herd was non influenced by the remotion of organic product. Choice: In this lab I found out about how great attributes are of import when nature chooses what being will last and experience down its cistrons for the accompanying coevals to acquire. I other than discovered that most species figure out how to oblige to their surroundings with the goal that they can hold a good attribute to have the option to rearward in their condition. I had the option to distinguish that in the wild you need that good attribute with the goal that you can recreate and experience down your genotypes for the accompanying coevals of you species to acquire. I increased utile achievements, for example, how to locate the accompanying generation’s populace by examining outcomes from tests I directed partner to the feathered creature populaces

Business Law The Contractual Obligation

Question: Depict about the Business Law for The Contractual Obligation. Answer: 1. Solicitation for delicate (RFT) gave by a gathering for welcoming delicate is a challenge to treat, and not a proposal by party recording RFT. At the point when other gathering submit delicate because of that RFT is considered as an offer made by that party, and no legally binding commitment emerges until that offer is acknowledged by the gathering who welcomes tenders. This procedure was considered as customary authoritative examination, and there is no legitimate connection between the gatherings till the delicate is acknowledged by the gathering who welcoming tenders. Anyway in some particular circumstances court force lawful commitment on party who insignificant welcome tenders by recording RFT (PWC, 2016). In the event that Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Air administrations Australia (1997) 146 ALR 1, Justice Finn replaces the conventional agreement investigation process if there should arise an occurrence of delicate in Australia by finding that now and again recording RFT likewise makes lawful commitment on gatherings, and offer ascent to the agreement which is legitimately authoritative (Hayford, 2006; Doyles, 2005). Regardless of whether delicate is a procedure contract-a procedure contract emerges when chief find a way to pass on the giver that chief bound himself from the states of delicate. In the event that procedure contract is emerges, and chief neglects to conform to the conditions notice in the RFT then it will be considered as penetrate of procedure contract. If there should be an occurrence of penetrate of procedure contract, giver have reason for activity against the chief in following two circumstances: On the off chance that, when RFT contains such terms that expresses that chief acknowledge the delicate which is ideal and least. In the event that, when RFT expresses any condition which is followed in delicate procedures and it will be considered as disappointment if such condition isn't followed whether by head or giver. Regardless of whether RFT is considered as procedure contract is rely upon the terms and conditions notice in RFT, and different commitments that will impliedly or explicitly acknowledged by the gatherings (Malllesons King, 2013). In the current case, college records RFT for provisions of green seeds for its encompasses, with shutting date of first June. In its RFT University doesn't make reference to any condition which makes any legitimate commitment on party who welcoming tenders with the exception of shutting date that is first June. Following are the lawful commitment of colleges in these three tenders: If there should arise an occurrence of Greenland, they hand conveyed their delicate on 29th may, and they offer green seeds on the second most reduced offer, however college didn't specify in RFT any condition in regards to least or best offer, and reject this delicate due to bits of gossip about its untrustworthiness. In this way Greenland has no reason for activity against the college in light of the fact that no delicate procedure contract is existed between the gatherings. If there should arise an occurrence of Enviro, the delicate is posted on fifteenth may and got by college on seventeenth may yet because of carelessness of clerical specialist the offer isn't invested box on effort and in view of that regulatory authorities thought about just two tenders. Offer made by Enviro is the best and most minimal offer. There is restricting connection between parties during pre grant period in the event of carelessness, and chief possessed obligation of care towards giver. In this way for this situation Enviro has reason for legitimate activity against college. In the event of plant everlastingly, college acknowledged the proposal of plant always yet the acknowledgment didn't passed on to the organization, and friends go into another agreement. There is general principle with respect to correspondence of acknowledgment that is acknowledgment is imparted when it is gotten by offeror (ACL, n.d.). We can comprehend this with the assistance of case law that is Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH. Subsequently, for this situation there is no coupling agreement among college and plant always, and college has no reason for activity against organization. 2. There are number of products and ventures which are traded through mode of agreement. According to the agreement law, an agreement is shaped when one gathering made a proposal to another gathering and other gathering acknowledges that offer. It is vital for substantial agreement that the two gatherings have lawful ability to go into an agreement, both have planned to make lawful connection among them, and there must be thought (ACL, n.d.). Numerous Private endeavors and government organizations sell and buy products and ventures through delicate procedure in Australia, and before going into a substantial agreement these undertakings issue demand for delicate (RFT). RFT is a distributed notification given by the gathering who welcomes delicate by people in general for selling and buying merchandise by presenting the delicate as per the conditions expressed in the RFT. RFT isn't an offer it is only an encouragement to treat and we can comprehend this with the assistance of case law Pratt Contractors Ltd v Palmerston North City Council. At the point when other gathering submit delicate for the benefit of that RFT is considered as an offer made by party who present the delicate to the gathering who record RFT for welcoming the delicate, and on the off chance that gathering acknowledges the offer made by party who present the delicate, at that point it is considered as legitimate agreement made between two gatherings (Trescox Lawyers, n.d.). At the point when gathering call for tenders it will be considered as greeting to treat, and accommodation of delicate is considered as an offer made by party who present the delicate. There is no legitimate relationship exist between parties except if chief acknowledges the offer. Before acknowledgment bidder can pull back or revise its offer made to the head. Likewise chief additionally has opportunity to haggle with the bidders in the wake of accepting tenders (Clendons, 2016). There are number of commitments in delicate agreements, some of them are expressed beneath: It is the obligation of the vital that he consider the delicate if giver present the delicate on schedule or before the time. It is the legally binding right of giver that his delicate must be considered by the head once in the event that he submits it on schedule. It is fundamental that chief treat all the tenders reasonably and similarly, and this is additionally the suggested obligation of head that he satisfies all the states of the delicate. It is a commitment of head that he treats all the bidders in equivalent terms and decently. It is the privilege of head that he dismisses the rebelliousness offers made by bidder (MAV, 2008). Legitimate risk in offering process-there are number of cures accessible for giver which gives legal impact in offering process. There ought to be reasonable managing in this procedure and equivalent treatment with all bidders. This procedure is generally troublesome and essential to arrangement, and this is the procedure through which venture can choose the best specialist organization on terms of cost, quality and capacity. It is fundamental that this procedure is directed in proficient way, equivalent, and in legit way. Industry commission fined that delicate procedure is the way to infer advantages of contracting process. Advantages got from contracting administrations by customer organization and networks are relying upon the adequacy and effectiveness of offering process. In the event that offering procedure isn't planned appropriately, at that point this will lessen the advantages of offering process (Parliament of Australia, n.d.). In the current case, on first October Footloose Pty Ltd issue notice in Daily News paper for selling the shoes at unique markdown that is $2000 for hundred sets, and for mass requests large limits are accessible. This notification is only a challenge to treat, and not an offer. On second October Famous footwear offer for buying 500 sets of shoes for $2000 per hundred sets, yet no acknowledgment is passed on by the Footloose Pty Ltd to Famous Footwear. Accommodation of delicate in the interest of notice gave by Footloose Pty Ltd in paper is treated as offer. Along these lines, for this situation there is no agreement on the grounds that no acknowledgment is passed on by the Footloose Pty Ltd to Famous footwear. On fourth October James Shoes send Fax to Ms. Simon in answer of notice gave by Footloose Pty Ltd in paper, and expresses that they wish to buy 2000 sets of shoes on $30000 including GST and conveyance. On sixth October Ms. Simon answered that Footloose will sell 2000 sets for $ 30000 barring conveyance. James quickly answered that he need to meet to examine following terms, and need to realize the most punctual conveyance date. On tenth October the two gatherings lead conversation on phone and concurred that James shoes would take conveyance of shoes from footloose on first November. For this situation footloose acknowledge the offer made by James shoes in the interest of notice gave by Footloose Pty Ltd, and footloose acknowledge the proposal of James shoes. Subsequently, there is substantial agreement among parties and the two gatherings have lawful commitment for this agreement. 3. Inferred contract-suggested agreements can be considered as lawful substitute of agreements. An inferred agreement isn't composed or spoken agreement it is possible that it is an understanding which is made from the activities of the gatherings. In this there is neither set up account nor any understanding which is verbal in nature. Inferred contract is a suggested guarantee which is given by law. Suggested agreements and terms are inferred by customary law and rule. By and large in custom-based law terms are suggested. For instance: the customary law suggests a term which necessitates that gatherings must do such acts which are important to play out the agreement (ACL, n.d.). As a rule, it is fitting to the gatherings that understanding must be recorded as a hard copy to the degree it is conceivable, however there are number of events when understanding emerge between parties even there is no composition or verbal understanding between gatherings or there is no offer and acknowledgment. There are numerous courses through which inferred understandings are emerge between gatherings, for example, At the point when the two gatherings appeared by their activities that agreement is exist between them. At the point when both the gatherings didn't sign any agreement however they begin to manage each other in such away as there is contract upheld between them. When there is his

Life After SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Life After SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog For you readers of this blog â€" prospective applicants and incoming students â€" life after SIPA probably feels far, far way down the line. And it sure is, but time flies, especially when you are having fun, so it doesn’t hurt to at least imagine how life will be once you are done with grad school. And let me tell you, this is a major milestone in life, or at least it feels like one to me today. It’s a milestone I somehow crossed, leaving me standing on the other side quite excited about my future, but also bewildered with uncertainty;   thinking â€" a bit obsessively, I must admit â€" about every possible combination of what life could be saving for me in the near future. Before being a grad student, life had already given me the pleasure of plenty of uncertainty. When I was in primary school, I remember constantly thinking how being part of the middle school cool kids would feel. When I reached my last year of high school, I designed all sort of surreal life plans, which I spent hours trying to seriously decide between â€" would I be a famous biologist who would finally find the cure for cancer? Or a surprisingly young ambassador to the UN? The end of college brought with it something similar to how I feel today. On the one hand, I felt the world was really my oyster, as my mom likes to say. I felt free and strong, and deeply trusted that nothing could stop me. On the other, I had no clue of how would I actually make the best out of this massive oyster laying in my hands. Would I enjoy my job? Would my colleagues like me? Would it be easy to make good friends in a new city? Or would I be the one sneaking out to lunch early because I had no one to go to lunch with? In the end, it all turned out well. It really almost always does, but it is sometimes hard to remember that when we are surrounded by this large cloud called uncertainty. I am again on route to start a new job, in a new organization, in a country where I’ve been away for so long that seems almost as if it is new. We all are. We are leaving dear friends behind, and the comfort of the classes, coffee shops and bars in Morningside Heights that had started to feel like home. We, the graduates, are about to begin ‘Life After SIPA’. I have no doubt it will be awesome, no matter which one of those imaginary stories ends up working out. Most likely, it won’t be any of those, but instead it will be something so unique that we can’t even imagine it now. In a couple of years, when you prospective applicants are also on this side of the boat, I hope we can be an example of how things end up working out well. So for now, no need to think too much about Life After SIPA, although having some surreal imaginary stories never hurts. Mariana Costa Checa

Fueling Insecurity Americas Race to Perfection - 1351 Words

Throughout time, people have sought out admiration and acceptance from their peers, especially based off of their physical appearance. For decades, they have spent millions of dollars on beauty products and surgical procedures to achieve what they perceive as beauty. The American Media has assured them that they will never be beautiful enough. Young girls have grown obsessed with their images and, as a result, have gone to extremes to achieve model-like appearances. Americans will always attempt to chase perfection- an impossible task. The media has had a vast influence on our lives. Everywhere we go, we are bombarded with a plethora of advertisements, screeching out at us to purchase their products. The medias peak demographic to target†¦show more content†¦These symptoms are due to â€Å"electrolyte and chemical imbalances in the body that affect the heart and other major organ functions† (NEDA). These extremes prove that â€Å"Today’s aesthetic idea is extr emely thin. . . [and] the need to be physically fit† (Brownell). How far will we go to achieve perfection? Literature is one source in which we are able to view motifs and ideals of a culture. One such example of this is in the play The Glass Menagerie. Through the play, the mother, Amanda yearns for her daughter Laura to receive a gentleman caller. One day Amanda recalls a memory of her days of courting gentleman: â€Å"One Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain- your mother received- seventeen! - gentleman callers! . . . the parish house† (Williams). Amanda’s statement shows how important she believes it is to be beautiful. Without such beauty, she would not have so many young men visiting her home, hoping for her hand in marriage. Later on in the play, she purchases various new items for their home, as well as a new outfit for Laura. In this way, Amanda is altering Laura’s appearance to have her look suitable to her potential future husband. Jim, her gentlem an caller, also calls her pretty, which Laura is extremely surprised by. She is an extremely timid girl with low self-esteem. Laura can symbolize many women, who feel as though they are not good enough to ever foster someone’s attention. The standards of beauty were not always so impossible toShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesappear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyingRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher

How Does Today s Society Obtain Education - 1216 Words

how does today’s society obtain education? Well there are various different concepts to answer this one question. For example, in The Allegory of the Cave, Plato defines the quest for knowledge and understanding as a turning process—breaking free from chains that bind us and turning towards new ideas. I see education as being an enlightening experience in one’s life and I believe that it plays a critical part in our lives. Education can help us live more complete and meaningful lives by nurturing essential values and skills. Education doesn’t solely come from the books and school teachers, but more essentially you gain knowledge just by living. I personally consider education to be the set of knowledge and skills required to survive in†¦show more content†¦They’re no true definitions to actually fully define an educated person. The range of the definition can differ from person to person depending on their views. There are numerous components to being a good learner and also a good thinker. The following are just some of the assets of a good learner. However, it must be noted that what may be a good quality for one individual may not be as effective for another. Good learners most of the time have a drive for a higher and greater understanding of things. One of the key components of a good learner is that they will realize that in many instances, learning is not always a spontaneous event, but something that is realized over a period of time. Good learners also tend to make knowledge their own. It’s not always enough to just take in new knowledge. It has to make sense, to connect in meaningful ways with what the learner already knows. They are excellent listeners for the most part. Good learners also share what they’ve learned and like to build upon it. Personally I really don’t place borders on who’s a good learners verses who’s a bad learner. I feel like everyone has their own way of learning and obtaining things so we can’t strictly define what or how someone should acquire knowledge. We all have different learning styles and patterns. I think that

Environment and Feminism - Ecofeminist Theory and...

Ecofeminist Theory and Sustainable Development People have to be able to work together if they are to realize the shared destiny and to preserve a habitable environment for generations to come. Albert Bandura, 1995 Banduras words epitomize the spirit of environmental education and its challenges of community cooperation, trans-generational communication and sustainable development. The success of these challenges depends on the ability to pass on knowledge about the environment to future generations in order for them to better understand how to maintain a sustainable relationship with nature. In this era of globalization and neo-liberalist policies, maintaining a sustainable relationship with the environment needs to be†¦show more content†¦Ecofeminism Ecofeminism is a liberationist philosophy that combines emancipatory elements of feminism with the environmental concerns of ecology. It has become a movement that sees the connection between the exploitation and degradation of the natural world and the subordination and oppression of women (Mellor, 1997, p.1). Ecofeminists view women as victims of the same patriarchal tyranny that dominates nature (Castells, 1997). Karen Warren (1996) identifies eight connections between feminism and the environment. Although it is not necessary to discuss all eight connections, understanding several of Warrens connections is essential in relating non-formal education at a local level to the fostering of environmentally proactive behavior. Historical Connections Between Feminism and Ecology The first essential connection draws causal links from a historical perspective. The argument is that at some point in human history a change occurred that lead to the concurrent male domination of females and nature. Some scholars argue the change happened with the onset of the scientific revolution (Merchant, 1980), while others (Spretnak, Reisler as cited in Warren, 1996) might argue it occurred much earlier. Salleh (1988) stresses the relevance of including the historical connection between feminism and ecology in a discussion of sustainable development: Ecofeminism is a recent development inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ecofeminism4924 Words   |  20 Pagesrecognizes the cultural and political links between ecology and feminism. Ecofeminism is a value system, a social movement, and a practice. It criticizes the mainstream green movement and challenges the fundamental ideas of the western patriarchy about women, nature science, and development. Ecofeminism is an admixture of ecology and feminism. A French feminist, Francoise dEaubonne, first used it in 1974 (Mellor, 1997 p. 44). Ecological feminism focuses on gender as a category of analysis and the perspectives

Research Process and Secondary Data free essay sample

Data previously collected and assembled for some project other than the one at hand {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Can almost always be gathered more quickly and inexpensively than primary data But may be outdated or may not exactly meet the researchers needs Secondary data, or historical data, are data previously collected and assembled for some project other than the one at hand. Secondary data often can be found inside the company, at a public or university library, or on the internet. In addition, some firms specialise in providing various types of information, such as economic forecasts, that are useful to many organisations. The researcher who gathers data from the Australian bureau of statistics (ABS) or from the economist intelligence unit is using secondary sources. Secondary sources often prove to be very valuable in exploratory research. Investigating such sources has saved many a researcher from inventing the wheel in primary data collection. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Process and Secondary Data or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page   Marketing research is a tool companies use to discover consumers’ wants and needs so that they can satisfy those wants and needs with their product offerings. Marketing research is the marketing manager’s source of information about market conditions. It covers topics ranging from long-range planning to near-term tactical decisions. Marketing research is the systematic and objective process of generating information – gathering, recording, and analysing data to aid marketing decision-making. Basic or pure research seeks to increase knowledge of theories and concepts. The development and implementation of a marketing strategy consist of four stages: Identifying and evaluating opportunities Analysing market segments and selecting target markets Planning and implementing a marketing mix that will satisfy customers’ needs and wants and meet the objectives of the organisation Analysing marketing performance. Marketing research helps in each stage by providing information for strategic decision-making. Managers use marketing research to define problems, identify opportunities and clarify alternatives. They also use it to determine what went wrong with past marketing efforts, describe currents events in the marketplace, or forecast future conditions. Marketing managers determine whether marketing research should be conducted based on: Time constraints Availability of data The nature of the decision to be made The benefit of the research information versus the cost. Decision-making is the process by which managers resolve problems or choose among alternative opportunities. Decision-makers must recognise the nature of the problem or opportunity, identify how much information is available, and recognise what information they need. Every marketing decision can be classified on a continuum ranging from complete certainty to absolute ambiguity. Research proceeds in a series of size interrelated phases. The first is problem definition, which may include exploratory research using secondary data, experience surveys or pilot studies. Once the problem is defined, the researcher selects a research design. The major designs are surveys, experiments, secondary data analysis, and observation.

Running head Financial Statements Essays - Social Philosophy

Running head: Financial Statements 1 Honesty in Financial Statement Amber Campbell Belhaven University MBA 612 September 2, 2015 Professor James W. Moody Financial Statements 2 In many businesses, honesty play an important part in financial statements. Money related Statements fundamentally demonstrate the authentic execution or record of the organization at some past purpose of time. When money related explanations are made open, changes are numerous temperate territories. This situation there regularly exist inconsistencies between book estimation of advantages and their reasonable valuations. When I think about a budgetary administrator, bookkeeper rapidly rings a bell. The part of bookkeeper and money related chief are comparable in a few ways and as a rule they work firmly together on different activities. The part of an Accountant is to guarantee that their association is run productively, verify their records are precise, and that their charges are paid legitimately and on time. Bookkeepers perform an expansive scope of bookkeeping, examining, assessment, and counseling exercises for their customers. They record and examine the monetary data of the organizations for which they work. Different obligations incorporate planning, execution assessment, cost administration, and resource administration. "The part of the budgetary supervisor has extended past conventional obligations identified with organization's accounts. " You shall do no wrong in judgement, in measurement of weight, or capacity" (Leviticus 19:35, ESV). Budgetary director, through his/her comprehension of the organization's monetary wellbeing, the present business sector, and the objectives of the organization, helps set bearing and aides' choice making." Financial supervisors perform a few diverse assignment identified with money for their Financial Statements 3 association they ordinarily administer the arrangement of monetary reports, direct venture exercises, and actualize money administration strategies. In today's reality business is exceptionally focused. To contend with other organization's officials have swung to degenerate practices. Once regarded organizations like Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Anderson have been discovered deluding their clients, stockholders, and workers. C.E.O's. attempt to accomplish the American dream and seek after free enterprise to its fullest potential. In doing as such, business pioneers have lost their qualities and morals, and settle on awful business choices. The ruins of an organization are the outcome of C.E.O's. terrible choices. In today's general public, moral respectability has turned into a cutting edge way of life. At the point when a man has an in number good character, they are said to be a man of honesty and to carry on with a legitimate life is said to be the most vital goodness a man can have. Consistency is an idea of moral uprightness and individuals ought to act as indicated by their ethical standards. At the end of the day, individuals ought to do what they say. For instance, if an organization proprietor talks about the need to enhance profitability in the work environment, he/she would demonstrate respectability for offering in-house preparing projects for the representatives to enhance their aptitudes. In addition, moral uprightness starts from headship, which can bring about moral conduct. In the Holy Bible, teachings direct a wide range of people to a superior comprehension of life. A significant number of these verses connect with man through teachings of human instinct and how to make society's ethical qualities. " And whatever you do, in word or deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the father through him ( Colossians 3:17,ESV). References

Get your book cover professionally redesigned... for free!

Get your book cover professionally redesigned... for free! Get your book cover professionally redesigned... for free! We always tell authors that professional cover design is a great investment. Now, we want to prove it... by  giving three self-published authors a brand new cover from one of our experienced book designers, and mathematically testing the results through Facebook advertising.How does it work?We invite authors to submit us their cover designs (see conditions below).If selected, a Reedsy designer with experience in your genre will be assigned to work on  a new cover for your book.You pay nothing for the redesign, but contribute $100 for advertising.Reedsy will then spend your $100 on  a week-long A/B test on Facebook ads  to  determine  the new design's effectiveness at getting "clicks" to your book's Amazon page.Once the test is finished, your book and the results of the experiment will be featured  on a Reedsy blog post, and broadcasted through our newsletter and social media channels.To enter, please drop us an email to covers@reedsy.com with "Cover Case Study" in the s ubject line and:A link to your Amazon book pageThe original date of publicationWhy Reedsy should pick your book (100 words max)update: the closing date has now been extended to 11:59 pm   EDT onWednesday, May 10  To qualify for final selection:The book must be available on the Kindle Store  and originally published in the past 12 months.The entrant must be the copyright holder of both the book and original cover design.The entrant must agree to allow for the case study and its results  to be published on any of Reedsy's channels.Good luck!Note: by submitting your book for consideration, you are not bound by any obligations. Authors are free to withdraw themselves at any point  before design work on the cover begins. The author will retain  all rights to their publication. Successful candidates will be chosen at Reedsy's discretion.If you have any thoughts, ideas, or questions regarding this competition, please leave them in the comments below and we'll do our best to ans wer them promptly.

Managing a Global Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing a Global Team - Essay Example James was an effective and brilliant leader to which he sought to carry on the same to the operations of Sun Microsystems, but he had not prepared himself for the reality that dwelled in the company (Tsedal and Delong 3). However, James managed his global team effectively as he conducted conference calls on every week at a usual time in order for the team to receive updates on the status of operations. Despite him allocating time for these video conference calls, the Indian team felt as though they were not party to the global operations of the company as the addressing of their concerns were always last on the agenda sheet. Further, the time difference also proved ineffective for the Indian team as they felt that the time allocated by James for the weekly conference calls were at a time considered by many to be family time. James also failed to understand the causes of the failure to meet deadlines with the Middle East team and was quick to pass judgement that they were incompetent and that he was inconsiderate to the French team. The implication of this was that the US team was his favorite as he considered them more competent as compared to the other teams hence making James to have poorly managed his global teams (Tsedal and Delong 10). 2. ... The other companies that supply HS Holdings with software and hardware could have also been liable for the losses as this was not entirely Sun Company’s fault (12). Further, James is responsible for this crisis because he did not treat the Indian team with the regard that they required hence making them not to work in tandem with the organizational goals of Sun Microsystems. 3. What role did the â€Å"Open Work† environment play in the case? The ‘open work’ policy was a program that allowed employees to work across different time zones by incorporating technology, support systems, and apparatus by using technology that would make this process achievable. The application of this program by Sun Microsystems began in 1995 where the physical presence of an employee was not necessary in ensuring that the company was operational (7). This led Sun to reduce its housing fixed assets by a significant percentage, which also translated to the saving of millions of dol lars. The application of the ‘open work’ program in this case was in terms of the recruitment of team members in the Far East countries as many worked from home while others worked at Sun’s facilities, which registered efficiency and cost reduction (8). James also made use of the video conferencing facility, which allowed him to schedule meetings with all team members at the same time making the Company to save on the travel expenses for the global team manager. Therefore, the ‘open work’ program applied by Sun through James served as a cost reduction measure and a uniting factor for the global team members. 4. What role did diversity play on this team? In this case, diversity played an important role in the recruitment of the global team members as James recruited

What was the relationship between European overseas expansion and Essay - 1

What was the relationship between European overseas expansion and political, economic, and social developments in Europe - Essay Example In 1775, the British colonies in America revolted and demanded a representative government for them. And domestically the French revolution changed the political face of Europe under the French slogans of   libertà ©, egalità ©, fraternità ©. This also gave opportunity to Napolean Boaparte to impose war which changed the social life of Europe. Between 1815 and 1871, there were many revolution campaigns and Independence wars within and outside Europe. The social and trade union of England were a result of the war ridden years. Serfdom was also rejected by the Russians and Balkan nations started realizing that they need to be independent and needed major changes in their infra-structure, so they revolted against their Ottoman governments and started gaining independence. And right at the heart of Europe, after the Franco-Prussian war Italy and Germany became national estates and by 1871, most of the European countries had become constitutional monarchies. To capture the scrambles of this great divide and restructuring of the new countries, many European nations engaged in a war and World War I started which further changed Europe and its economics as real steel age had

The Mass Media Laws In Pakistan Media Essay

The Mass Media Laws In Pakistan Media Essay The Mass Media do not exist separately from the other institution in the society. The Mass Media are necessary part of the processes of social change and maintenance. They have ability to revolutionize any other estate of the country. This aptitude of media has been usually taken as a threat by other estates. Particularly political mechanism of many countries of the world felt bullying from free media. To secure their regimes from media threats they curbed the voice of media with some legal checks and bounds. The interesting fact is that the regulatory measures to secure other estates by restricting media freedom are tagged Media Laws. Media law is a term used for a mix of more traditional categories of law with a focus on providing legal services to the communication industry. The write up enlightens that whether Pakistani Media laws are facilitating media by providing services to communication industry or acting as a barrier in the way of information flow. Pakistani Governments have been formulating such kind of laws for media from very beginning of media origin in the country. Even Popular democratic regimes in the country felt to curb media freedom through legal and even illegal checks. The study focuses on why do they need media laws? What are they? How these laws are functioning? The important aspect of the paper is to find out even a single law that is formulated to secure or strengthen Mass Media Networks of the state. Historical Perspective: History of media laws in Pakistan is quite interesting. Interesting in a sense that media laws were originated according to the requirement of state of affairs threatening to the running political bodys influence or reputation. These laws were formulated by different regimes when some critical issues were arisen, the governments muted media voice through the remote of law in order to cover their faults. Media as fourth estate are working effectively to influence public opinion. There is strong relationship between opinion formation of masses and media reports. Most of the governments take this relationship as a menace for their power. They have a view that media are naÃÆ' ¯ve, they are not properly aware with the use of power. So there must be some regulatory measure for their power balance. Political  instability in Pakistan affected the Media enormously. All branches of media were affected but print media suffered badly. Although, it was declared many times in constitution that freedom of speech and expression would be provided to the media. However, this rule was never truly implemented and many political leaders banned the press during their regime. In constitution of 1956, an article specifically devoted to freedom of speech was included. The 1956 constitution lasted less than three years and was abrogated in October 1958 by the imposition of marshal law. With the removal of marshal law in 1962, a new constitution was enforced which sustained with the recognition of initial concept of freedom of expression. But actually, a military ruler imposed the constitution, which was completely devoid of laws of freedom. However, the strong reaction of press and public resulted in constitutional amendment#1 to the 1962 constitution and in 1963; the press and publication ordinance came into organism. Press and Publication Ordinance contained harshest of laws restraining freedom of expression and the progressive progress of media. But soon in March 1969, General Yahya Khan imposed martial law and tried to curb media freedom by int roducing the system of press Advice given by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in order to avoid publication of anti government material. During this phase, the publications with independent and progressive views were taken over by the authorities. Finally the National Press Trust acted as a front to control press by taking over these journals. Western Pakistan maintenance of Public order ordinance formulated in order to merge into one law various stipulations for defensive custody of people and control of persons and publications with the help of bridle of public order and maintain the device of subjugation. In 1963 and 1964 with some modifications this law authorized government to restrict the printing of publications, to enter and search premises and to forbid trade in of newspapers, among other measures. These measures have been used by different governments until the government of Musharraf. At the time of Administrative and economical breakdown in 1961, the government took over the main news agency Associated Press of Pakistan in order to manipulate news flow. Government took it as an opportunity to filter the news items that was supplied to print, electronic, and even international media. Rather than giving chance to private venture to make better the performance of news agency, the government abruptly muscled in to regulate flow of information. The Press can not compromise with its freedom and started mutiny against the establishment by providing substitute sources for news gathering. The complementary source was the establishment of independent press. This bold step taken by press show rigid aspiration of journalists community for free media. Pakistans first civilian Chief and President Mr Zulfikar Ali Bhutto also proved impatient ruler when respond very robustly to some anarchistic press reports by various members of press, also muted free voices and jailed some editors and publishers on the basis of alleged reason of national security. Democracy or Discrepancy: Mass Media organizations of the world are diverse and this diversity depends on the degree of enthusiasm to media reports by political elites. The societies following communism and totalitarianism generally have restrictions of what the media could represent about the government. On the other hand, the societies following a Bourgeois Democracy have not much more limitations. We find discrepancy while comparing the stance, of other democratic regimes, on media freedom with our own democratic regimes. Although Bhutto government was representing democracy, but it was stained by some dictatorial strokes on media landscapes. The new establishment, although originated on the foundations of democracy, freedom of speech and human rights, could not serve the purpose. As did the National Press Trust, the Press and Public Ordinance remained. The alternative news agency of government-owned Agency (APP), Pakistan Press International, was brought under governments control through use of force and authority. Governments Secrecy and Media Disclosure: Governments operate in secrecy; media live by disclosure. The difference among operating system of both of the estates contradicts when any kind of instability occurs in one of the above systems. Or any pillar of state misuses its power. Same happened in 1977, when the martial law was implemented. The naÃÆ' ¯ve government endeavored to work in secrecy, for this purpose the authorities curbed the media freedom badly. The media were suppressed in advance, so that any kind of intrusion in governments way can be avoided. In the era of Zias rule journalists abuse became public rather than covert. Many journalists were thrashed publicly; it was practiced frequently till the end of the government. From 1977 to August 1988 Media gone through a spectacular oppressions, the only positive change of that era was News Agency PPI were handed over back to its private sector ventures. Since then PPI is working effectively as an alternative source of news to the state owned news agency Associated Press of Pakistan The new democratic body came into power in 1985, but the laws for mass media remained the same. Blazing a tiny trail: The press law, acting as a barrier in the way of press freedom, was repealed by a new caretaker government. No doubt it was an absolute shift to democracy. This step was taken as good sign for press future and provided the latitudinal setting for media. Although it was a tiny trail in the journey of media practitioners to freedom of expression but it is blazing in murky of black laws. The regulation, Registration of Printing Presses and Publications Ordinance that was promulgated in 1988, It was being altered in a way that the governments interference in media was stopped. District Magistrate was authorized to give a receipt to a candidate for the issuance of statement for owing a printing press or publication of a journal to make available the applicant with evidence that would help avoid government intervention. In this way the governmental and other political pressures on media were abridged considerably. Moreover, newspapers get rid of compulsion to publish in full press notes issued by the government; they were given liberty to publish what they want. Although Supreme Court ruled the amendment, in law of 1988, illegal, but it was changed according to the wish of representative bodies of press. Due to a variety of reasons journalists community appealed to revise the law, they were obliged by bringing a key change in the law. The key change was stopping the regime to muscle in media affairs. A New Chapter; Old Contents: During Benazirs second term in office the independent press started highlighting and assailing charges of rampant corruption at the highest levels she hit back by proposing to bring on the statute books a new law to establish press courts in order to ensure that the so-called irresponsible and malicious journalism was effectively curbed. As Burhanuddine Hassan writes this devilish scheme was probably worse than any move ever made even in worst periods of media repression (Hassan, 2000, p. 264). In this way the new chapter brought old contents with it, due to different pressures media returned to conventions after only four months. The so-called democratic government reversed all the moves leading to freedom of expression. The positive step of this regime was approval of importing newsprint at market prices. But in 1990, Mian Nawaz Sharif took over the approval for some unknown reasons. During this regime freedom of media was curbed by conventions. Media and journalists have to face a lot of pressures and threats. Another phase of liberalism: Musharraf s government was seemed to having view of media liberty; there were less restrictions with few regulatory measures. But this liberal policy was spoiled at the end of the regime, when some critical issues were aroused. In order to respond these issues Musharraf grasped the neck of media by implementing the state of emergency. This is worthy to note that freedom of media in this era was actually consequence of globalization and impact of technological advancement in communication sector. History depicts that almost each and every government of Pakistan felt to curb media freedom in order to strengthen their regime. For this purpose they formulated laws for mass media, which acted for a long time as defender for regimes and bully for Media organizations. Other Pressures on Media: Governmental actions have encouraged non official groups to adopt uncivil and non legal means to deal with the media. The media in general and the press in particular have always been vulnerable to violence and harassment by extremist organizations and by groups and individuals whose actions are adversely commented upon by the press. Aggressive reactions also occur when the press does not publish a certain news report or does not give the prominence to some item which the extremists think the item deserves. Symptomatic of disturbance rise of intolerance in Pakistani society particularly with regard to sectarian and ethnic considerations that sharpened during the 1980s, this dimension of danger is faced by press is the price that media have paid for the protected periods of dictatorship imposed upon the people for over two decades during which division were deliberately fostered in order to weaken the political process. On occasion even the government controlled electronic media have been subjected to threats when programs featuring women, music and entertainment have sought to be realistic and contemporary rather than remain in suffocating mold of sterility preferred by the forces of obscurantism. As literacy and education increase and as level of access to international media improve, as in the case of overseas radio and satellite TV channels, there is a sense of hope that non official intimidation of the media by groups that largely remained unpunished for their attacks will diminish in the years ahead. Existing Regime and Media Laws: Pakistan Government plans to introduce new media laws Updated: Thursday July 1, 2010 10:30:03 PM ISLAMABAD: Authorities are proposing a law to restrict graphic coverage of militant attacks, and possibly curb harsh criticism of the government, by increasingly independent television channels, ARY NEWS reported. If approved by the National Assembly, the bill, known as the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority Bill, would ban live coverage of the militant attacks, as well as broadcast of anything defamatory against the organs of the state. It would also prevent discussions which could influence the judiciary at a time when it has been dealing with several political cases involving President Asif Ali Zardari. The new bill prohibits media from broadcasting video footage of suicide bombers, bodies of victims of terror attacks, statements from Islamist militants and any acts which promote, aid or abet terrorist or terrorism. An offender could be sentenced to up to three years in jail or fined up to 10 million rupees ($117,100). Critics, however, say the government could use the proposed law to tame media outlets. The government has not yet set a date for voting on the bill. The bill seeks to amend a law introduced by former military President Pervez Musharraf in an attempt to muzzle the media after he imposed emergency rule in November 2007. Under the original law, media were prohibited from broadcasting or publishing statements ridiculing Musharraf, top government officials and the military. However, the present government led by Zardari, who replaced Musharraf in 2008, has proposed an amendment to strike down what it calls draconian laws by the former military ruler. The draconian laws that threatened coercive actions against the press will be removed via this bill to begin the process of providing for a free press in Pakistan, said a draft of the bill obtained by media organs. U.S. ally Pakistan is confronting a growing threat from Islamist militants. The militants have unleashed a wave of attacks across the country, killing hundreds of people, in retaliation for military offensives in their northwest bastions. Officials accuse some media outlets critical of the president of running a vilification campaign against the government, but promised they would not curb free speech. Nowhere in the civilized world are murderers, terrorists and extremists given air time on electronic media to expound their views, Farah Ispahani, a ruling party parliamentarian on the standing committee on information and broadcasting, told Reuters. This report, which will take on the shape of a bill in the next session of parliament, is not an attempt to control the media. It is a necessary code of conduct that is usually practised all over the world willingly by the electronic media. Rights activists, however, doubt the governments intentions. This bill is a self-defeating exercise. They are harming their own image and it exposes their dictatorial temperament, said Iqbal Haider, a former law minister and co-chairman of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. To call a spade a spade or a crook a crook is no offence. The Supreme Court in December struck down a controversial law that provided amnesty to Zardari, several aides and thousands of political activities from corruption and other charges. Many of Pakistans broadcast outlets are full of the latest twists and turns of the cases surrounding Zardari, with many anchors and talk show hosts criticizing the president. Current Situation: Today Pakistani media is comparatively free as it was in past. There are few regulatory measures, formulated by Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). These measures are not to regulate how to present? Or media have what to present? They are there just to decide that the bridle of media should be handed over to whom? The freedom of Pakistani media is not gifted by the government, or it is not due to leniency of the regime. It has been snitched from harsh clutch of dictators by force. The factors that are involved in achieving the liberty include; Public Support Efforts by the part of Journalists Globalizations impact Public Support: The first and most active factor that worked for achieving media freedom is public support. Pakistani people are seeking for a free, fearless and vibrant media. They refused to accept Disinformation or Dysinformation. They have become mature and shrewd enough can easily detect any kind of sly in represented facts. So in order to win their trust all type of media are working hard to become a credible source for them. Efforts of Journalists: Journalists are fighting for media freedom from so many decades. They did not compromise with their freedom of expression. Whenever it was curbed the journalists fight back, when a regime muted the voice, they find alternatives to send the information to their audience. So their struggles to achieve freedom must be admitted and admired. Globalization: With the impact of globalization media got independent in all over the world. The media boom is due to emergence of communication technologies and advancement in satellite communications. This technological expansion is one of the significant effects of globalization. All of the above factors worked together to achieve present day media freedom in Pakistan. So we may say that if the impacts of globalization may eliminated probably over media have to face problems as they faced in past due to implementation of black laws. Mass Media Laws in Pakistan: Before having a detailed discussion it is necessary to know that what existing laws for mass media are, so we will see these laws at glance, Annexure-I Constitutional Provision Article 19 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restriction imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court or commission or incitement to an offence. Annexure-II Provisions of Rules of Business, 1973 In order to ensure freedom of Press and promotion of responsible Print and Electronic Media in the country as envisaged in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Federal Government entrusted a number of task to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, as provided in the Rules of Business 1973. These are: i) Policy relating to internal publicity on national matters; ii) Broadcasting including television; iii) Production of films on behalf of the Government, its agencies, Government controlled Corporations, etc.; iv) Press relations, including delegations of journalists and other information media; v) Provision of facilities for the development of newspaper industry; vi) Policy regarding government advertisement; control of advertisement and placement; vii) Audit of circulation of newspapers; viii) Liaison and coordination with agencies and media on matters concerning Government policies and activities; ix) External Publicity; x) Training facilities for Radio and Television personnel. Annexure-III Media Laws a). Press, Newspaper, News Agencies, and Book Registration Ordinance-2002. b). Press Council of Pakistan Ordinance -2002. c). Freedom of Information Act 2002. d). Defamation Ordinance 2002. e). Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) Ordinance 2002. f) Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) Rules 2002 g). Condition of (working journalists) Services Act, 1973; We will discuss some significant laws for print and electronic media, briefly. But before that it is necessary to discuss why they are required? Requirement of media laws: As far as the question that is it necessary to call for media laws? is concerned we can easily say that laws absolutely necessary for the proper functioning of any organization as they help to maintain check and balance. Following arguments prove the significance of media laws: 1) Media sometimes crosses the limits and does more than enough, in order to stop this there should be a check/law. 2) We often hear much about fundamental human rights on media, but by exhibiting violation of these rights media itself violates human rights. That thing also needs to be suppressed. 3) Personal and communal privacy is highly affected by media. No secret remains secret because of media globalization. Some things happen to worth keeping private so to protect privacy law is essential. 4) The owner of the product is responsible that in case the product is provided to be used by somebody else, that this user is in compliance with the above rules and regulations and agrees to not mention, comment, state or otherwise discuss anything about the respective product. A corresponding law may need to govern import restrictions so that ANYTHING, product or service or even visitors to the respective country need to sign when entering the respective country to obey to this law. Print Media Laws: CENSORSHIP: Censorship is considered very important in perspective of media. It holds same significance for media as a bridle for a horse. It keeps media in limits. A governmental organization censors anything that is considered morally corrupt. But as an old latin phrase states WHO WILL GUARD THE GUARDS, here comes a point that who will suggest that something is morally crooked? Code of ethics is one thing which will help here. All laws of censorship are meaningless without the code of ethics. Government of Pakistan has tried very hard to implement laws of censorship. But this is crystal clear that Pakistani censor board has awfully failed to do so. The reason definitely is the stark absence of code of ethics. PRESS LAWS: Our freedom depends in large part, on the continuation of a free press, which is the strongest guarantee of a free society.    Richard M. Schmidt-   Constitutional Provisions Guarantees An article in constitution Pakistan provides freedom of speech and fundamental rights, this piece of writing refers especially to press and is given below: Article 19, Freedom of Speech: Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defense of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, commission of or incitement to an offense. Copyright: The advent of new communication technologies, increasing computerization, the ease with which material can be reproduced in large volumes at fairly low cost, the spread of video piracy in particular and related development makes the subject of copyright most pertinent to a developing country like Pakistan. That is why the government of Pakistan supports the international agreements on copyright and this preference for acceptance of an international disciplinary approach is reflective in the updating of and the amendments made to, the Copyright Ordinance, 1962 through the changes brought about in 1992. Laws for Broadcast Media: Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority: PEMRA is a regulatory body; it was established on 1st March 2002 by the government. This is responsible for serving and regulating the establishment of all private electronic media. Its mandate is to improve the standers of information and entertainment through media and enlarge the options available to public in media. It is also established to make the peoples access easy to mass media at local and community level. The most significant mandate is have checks on media organizations through accountability and good governance. Since PEMRAs beginning in the country, electronic media of Pakistan remained in regimes control till the Pakistans first private sector TV channel was launched in 1990s. It was the mid of 90s when people started using satellite dishes for fulfilling their entertainment needs. It was the time when government realized people necessitate and adopted more liberal media policies and provided the public easy access multiple TV channels by encouraging public private participation. For the accountability purposes there was a need to have an effective regulatory frame work. By keeping in view all of the above purposes and the larger interest of the state Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority were established. Factors behind the formulation: As for as concerned, why these laws have been formulated? There are four factors behind identified by Javed Jabbar in his book Mass Media Laws and Regulations in Pakistan, according to him four factors that determined the nature and the application of laws and regulations to mass media in Pakistan from the date of its independence it would be appropriate to list the legislative material carried over from the second half of 19th century and the first forty six and a half years of twentieth century under British rule as the first of these factors. The second factor was the authoritarian mind-set which shaped the exercise of executive power. In the absence of a directly elected Parliament and with the Constituent Assembly perennially unable to frame a constitution that could satisfy both East Pakistan and the disparate groups in West Pakistan, palace intrigues thrived, myopic self centered interests becoming sharp thorns which pricked and began to hurt the press of the country. Shaped by ownership and control of vast tracts of land and other wealth, accustomed to conventional subservience of the serfs, seeing the upsurge of the pre 1947 freedom movement on mass level as a passing aberration which had to be tolerated and used for its own purposes, the feudal mind-set looked upon the media, particularly and independent press, as a constant irritant and an unacceptable challenge to the supremacy of the ruling class, a status enjoyed by this for several eras under British tutelage. The third determinant factor was the acute sense of uncertainty about the future stability of a country whose survival for not more than a couple of years had been forecast by prominent Indian leaders. Combined with the conflict over Kashmir and the first of the wars with India which occurred in 1948, the new nation faced a geo-political situation rife with security threats. In such conditions, criticism of government actions by Press can easily be seen as giving comfort to the enemy. Without a well-established tradition of engaging in candid exchange and the acceptance of dissenting viewpoints, the atmosphere facilitated a gradual increase in the influence if the military, initially behind the scenes, as a part of the lens with which the state perceived the media. Making up this quartet, was the fourth factor which shaped, policy, laws and actions with regard to the press in the early years of Pakistan. This was the continuing volatility in the political arena. An organization that was more of an emotional mass movement inspired by the idea of an independent homeland for the Muslims, the Muslim League as a political party entrusted with the tasks of leading a vast and uniquely constructed new country into stable statehood proved unable to rise the occasion. Deprived of the towering leadership of Quid-e-Azam in less than a year of independence, the party was unable to quell factionalism and unwilling to transcend provincial and parochial divisions to offer a large and unifying vision. Despite the sincerity and service of some veterans of the freedom movement the political process very quickly began to reveal internal strife, incompetence and corruption. While government controlled radio and censor controlled cinema could not offer a mirror to t he reality of these times, the press was seen as an element that was aggravating the problems already being faced, instead of helping to resolve the complexity of the situation. Introducing New Directions: In terms of fundamental and a direction setting change in mass media laws and norms, perhaps the 104 day tenure of the caretaker government appointed by Presendent Farooq Leghari on 5th November 1996 and headed by Prime Minister Malik Meraj Khalid becomes the most significant phase in the history of Pakistan. The only similar period of significance would be the time in September 1988 when the black law of 1963 was repealed and a new phase of press freedom was ensured. During the most recent experience of a caretaker administration, basic changes were put into place in the laws and conventions, ranging from alterations in nomenclature to ending, once and for all, the 50 year monopoly of the state and government over electronic media. One of the first decisions taken by the government in November 1996 was to change the name of Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to the Ministry of Information and Media Development. This amendment has more importance than merely the replacement of one word with other words. The term: broadcasting had come to acquire the propagandistic and one sided dimension by which governments imposed a one way dissemination of messages upon the people because the term: broadcasting in it self reflects a one way function rather than a two way process of dialogue and communication. Secondly with the new developments of media technology which include media that reach specific and small audiences, the concept of narrow casting has become as important as the concept of broadcasting. Thirdly and possibly most importantly, Pakistan is one of lowest levels of access to mass media by the people. For example, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have more Radio sets per 1000people as in Pakistan. The task of increasing levels of access to mass media and in turn facilitating mass media to increase their coverage of the population should become the most vital priorities for the ministry, rather than the outmoded functions of serving as an instrument for production of propaganda. The caretaker government also introduced the refres

Health Risks Related to Cell Phone Use :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Health Risks Related to Cell Phone Use Many people have raised the question: "Can cell phones cause brain damage?" The answer, well it depends on who you ask. There have been many studies that have all found various results. There have been studies on humans that were conducted by the Swedish, British, and Americans. There have also been tests conducted on animals. In the U.S., cellular telephones operate in a frequency ranging from about 800 to 2100 megahertz (11). The radiation produced is higher than radios and cordless phones, but lower than that of microwave ovens and radar. The radiation emitted from cell phones is in the form of non-ionizing radio frequency (RF), which is different from ionizing radiation (11). Ionizing radiation can present a health risk, however it hasn't been proven if non-ionizing radiation presents a health risk. This is what many of the studies are trying to find. The cell phone's main source of RF energy comes from the antenna (11). The antenna is usually along side the person's head while they speak on a cell phone. Some cell phones have antennas that extend out closer to the brain others have designed antennas that extend away from the head. According to the Federal Communications Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, cell phone radiation levels are well within the acceptable minimums for exposure (9). All of these are American administrations. There are other countries that have found other information. The Swedish medical investigators say that cell phone users, especially of older analog phones, are at risk of developing brain tumors, which are most likely to appear on the side of the head where users hold their phones (9). Their report was based on a two-year evaluation of the cases of 233 patients with brain tumors. The Americans claim that everything is safe and the Swedish claim that cell phones can cause brain tumors, so whom do we listen to? We can only wait until there is solid evidence that RF radiation does or does not cause damage. Cell phone signals were recently tested on rats and they were found to cause nerve damage. The study was on the web site of the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.

African Americans Essay

The African American journey has been one of trials and tribulations which they suffered greatly to achieve freedom and success. The battle has led the citizens of this nation to have witnessed the first African American President of the United States. The journey that has brought African Americans to the present situation has seen intermittent successes and numerous setbacks. Perseverance from many generations has brought about a gradual but progressive change. The journey begun in a state of slavery, through the act of slavery racism was seen in its rarest forms. The long journey emerged from African Americans being sold to white traders and transported across the Atlantic Ocean. Slaves were auctioned off and sold to the highest bidders. African Americans were considered personal property of the white man and viewed as economic commodity. Their strength and endurance was formed as a result of working in the fields and kitchens from sunrise to sunset. The slaves lived off of the bare necessities in life. This act of slavery existed for decades and helped to shape the course of American history. From slavery to the March on Washington and many other events, African Americans have fought for their rights in United States, and have achieved their identity through many historical movements. The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution officially abolished slavery and freed the slaves to make a life for themselves as the Reconstruction Period. During the Reconstruction Era (1867) African Americans still suffered hardships under the leadership of Andrew Johnson who became president after Lincoln had got assassinated in 1865. Andrew Johnson had no intention of helping the African Americans he wanted to punish the slaveholders in the South. Andrew Jackson opposed giving African Americans the freedom to vote or equal rights. 1870 the 15th Amendment was ratified and became a law that specified African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 3 African American men had the right to vote. Voting was part of African Americans receiving civil liberties. The Civil Rights Movement and racial oppression were very significant moments in the American history. Exploitation was seen based on the color of one’s skin. Oppression was the way to keep the African American’s voice unheard. The dominant race manipulated America and shaped it according to the value of one race in society. Gaining equality was the essence of the struggle for African Americans in which white society pushed to prohibit African Americans from gaining any form of equality. Americans were uninformed and unaware of how corrupt the government officials were. During the historical journey of the African Americans the government failed to have all humans’ best interest in mind. The African American Journey Devastation of trials and tribulations were prevalent among the African Americans before 1865. The Civil War put a new twist on how society tuned into a racist world. Racism was very powerful and demanding during this period in life. Racism still prevails in the present tense only in more subtle ways. Before 1865 issues with slavery depicted lynching, segregation, low wages for job performances and derogatory defamation of character within a race due to skin pigmentation. Slavery and degradation never killed the desire of freedom and a promising future for African Americans. This was one of the foremost occurrences of hatred and dehumanizing of man because of the color of their skin. This exemplified the state of condition the African Americans were placed and recognized that another race was superior or had power over another race. African Americans were considered powerless over their own lives. The Emancipation African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 4 Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment were passed by a strong leader named Abraham Lincoln, which declared all of America’s slaves were free by 1865. In 1865, African Americans were finally feeling like human beings and not like property that endured brutality, harsh whippings, no rights as humans and cruel punishment. The passing of various civil liberty movements’, education, employment and voting privileges improved. Fox (2014) stated that southern blacks were impatient in seeking voting privileges. The U. S. Constitution gave all blacks a nominal right to vote, but southern blacks were often blocked at the polls, and racial apartheid was the foundation of a rigid caste system. The Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendment abolished slavery and Americans were making strides to work things out. After the release of slaves the black codes of law were passed laws, statues, and rules enacted by southern states after the Civil War to gain control over the slaves again and protect the white man’s property from retaliation. The slave owners were worried that they had to do the Plantation work themselves after the slaves were freed, and blacks would want revenge on them because of the hardships of oppression over hundreds of years. Progression of African Americans throughout the 18th and 19th centuries was a struggle. The relationships between blacks and whites were, frustrating and intense, primarily because the concept of reigning in superior positions over African Americans lives in respect to finances, social activities, cultural values or political affiliations has not changed significantly. African Americans fought for equal opportunity and their rights as a human race. They struggled to fit in with society. Despite the developments and changes, many fiscal and visual (how they were perceived) characteristics of African Americans at the end of the nineteenth century did not African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 5 differ from that of the mid-1800s. 1865-1876 was considered a time of change for African Americans but racism continued to cause much pain and despair for African Americans. Two significant events that surfaced to support the emergence of African Americans was the Harlem Renaissance Movement (1920) and the Civil Rights Movement. The Harlem Renaissance contributed to the talents and cultural beliefs of African Americans. They were able to bring perspective and pride to their lives. Harlem Renaissance was defined as: The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1). African Americans felt they were able to make specific contributions to society and start communicating their feelings, beliefs and values to others. The Harlem Renaissance Movement brought different racial groups together in appreciation of the music and poetry but did not have much success in breaking the racial divide between the races that were expressed in the Jim Crow excerpts. â€Å"The Renaissance incorporated jazz and the blues, attracting whites to Harlem speakeasies, where interracial couples danced. It contributed to a certain relaxation of racial attitudes among young whites, but its greatest impact was to reinforce race pride among blacks† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1). The 1964 Civil Rights Movement gave African Americans the right to take a stand against racism. Racial discrimination was a major problem that caused havoc in the lives of African Americans. Several events emerged from the Civil Rights African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 6 movement that made a significant impact on the lives of African Americans- the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Black Power Movement. The events above promoted a means of outlawing racial discrimination. Segregation was protested through political and social protest rallies and campaigns. The Black Power Movement gave African Americans a voice to be heard. Political and religious reasons were heard as their voices resonated throughout society. â€Å"The African American movement gained political legitimacy because it politicized the grievances of collective memory and appealed to a common ancestry to regain for this people cultural, political, and economic rights by rejecting subordination and White cultural supremacy or hegemony† (Jalata, 2002, p. 1). Before the Civil Rights Movement America was considered in the realms of practicing apartheid. All African Americans were humiliated, denied their civil rights and liberties, dehumanized and suffered tremendous hardships. Several movements initiated progress for African Americans. They were finally gaining their rights to live as human beings and become a part of society. â€Å"But the awkward truth is that when it comes to the goals laid down by the civil rights movement in general and Brown in particular, America is actually going backward† (Younge, 2014, p. 10). A school in Little Rock marked a turn in events for African Americans. This was in 1957 when the governor issued an order to the National Guard troops to stop the nine black children from entering the school. The order was denied and a mob of white students intimidated the black students. Federal soldiers escorted the black students into the school and were protected by the armed guards. The governor, African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 7 Faubus, closed all of the city’s schools to prevent integration. The African Americans prevailed regardless of the circumstances. According to Pearson Education (2000) other events that marked a period of setbacks and progression in the lives of African Americans are: †¢1931 NINE BLACK YOUTHS ARE INDICTED IN SCOTTSBORO, ALA. , ON CHARGES OF HAVING raped two white women. †¢1947 JACKIE ROBINSON BREAKS MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL’S COLOR BARRIER WHEN HE IS signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers by Branch Rickey. †¢1952 MALCOLM X BECOMES A MINISTER OF THE NATION OF ISLAM. OVER THE NEXT several years his influence increases until he is one of the two most powerful members of the Black Muslims. †¢1963 MARTIN LUTHER KING WAS ARRESTED FOR MARCHING AGAINST ANTI-SEGREGATION. †¢1966 THE BLACK PANTHERS WAS FOUNDED. †¢1967 THURGOOD MARSHALL WAS APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT. †¢2002 HALLE BERRY AND DENZEL WASHINGTON RECEIVED OSCARS FOR BEST ACTORS. †¢1992 RACIAL RIOTS ARE SEEN IN LOS ANGELES AFTER ACQUITTING FOUR WHITE BOYS FOR beating Rodney King. African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 8 †¢2005 CONDOLEEZZA RICE BECOMES THE FIRST BLACK FEMALE U. S. SECRETARY OF STATE. †¢2009 BARACK OBAMA BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT. Many problems that exist today seem to be repeating themselves. America seems to be making an upturn and the ugly faces of racism are reappearing. Younge (2014) stated that schools are re-segregating, legislation is being gutted, it’s getting harder to vote, large numbers are being deprived of their basic rights through incarceration, and the economic disparities between black and white are growing. In many areas, America is becoming more separate and less equal. Overcoming hurdles was nothing new to Obama and Colin Powell. Both men achieved success in American society. Obama became the first black president and Colin Powell became Secretary of State and served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Barack Obama is the first African American President of the United States and that is considered a very important step forward in this country. His administration has been one of struggle and plight to succeed because of the turmoil going on in the nation. Obama has succeeded in great ways without the support of many Republicans in the house. Asked â€Å"So, how has being Black affected your ability to govern? ,† Obama replied in part: â€Å"By virtue of being African-American, I’m attuned to how throughout this country’s history there have been times when folks have been locked out of opportunity, and because of the hard work of people of all races† (Cooper, 2012, p. 11). Obama has been successful in making equal opportunity a solution to African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 9 many problems. He has slowly opened the doors to more people and made equal opportunity happen through vigilance and determination. A great historical event occurred when Obama was elected as President. This surprised many Americans in the world. This symbolized a step forward towards racial equality in the history of African Americans. This election captured several important turn of events that said we have made great accomplishments. This completed the Civil Rights Movement and what it stood for, an emergence of a post-racial society, the elimination of multiculturalism and the possibility of ending the black struggle. There were several activist that would not have concluded that the black struggle has ended. Those people were Marcus Garvey, Ella Baker and Huey P. Newton. Their beliefs were based on specific facts that unifying scattered people of African descent, inspiring racial pride, and ultimately creating a separate, independent country should be the goals of racial uplift. Garvey thought black people were oppressed and divided as a race. Because they were ‘scattered as an unmixed and unrecognized part’ in numerous nations they were dependent upon the other races for kindness and sympathy. Many people have struggled to explain the plight of the African American race but the journey was one of hardship, courage and endurance that built character. The African American race has come a long way from cruelty and hardship inflicted during the 1800’s. The journey encompassed freedom, voting rights, civil liberties and equality. African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 10 References Blackpast. org. (2007). African American history timeline 1901-2000. Retrieved from http://www. blackpast. org/timelines/african-american-history-timeline-1900-2000 Cooper, K. J. (2012). The President’s Report Card. Crisis (15591573), 119(4), 6. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com.proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=88314705&site=eds-live Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2002). The Harlem Renaissance. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_harlem. html Fox Piven, F. (2014). 50 and FIGHTING. Planning, 80(6), 10. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=96548704&site=eds-live Jalata, A. (2002). Revisiting the black struggle: Lessons for the 21st century. Journal of Black Studies, 33(1). Retrieved from African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 11 http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=edb&AN=7268500&site=eds-live Kirk, J. (2009). THE LONG ROAD TO EQUALITY. History Today, 59(2), 52-58. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=36590274&site=eds-live Pearson Education. (2000). African American history timeline. Retrieved from http://www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. html Younge, G. (2014). The Awkward Truth about Race. Nation, 298(24), 10-11. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=96204081&site=eds-live.

The Story Of Moon Valley - 1613 Words

Dust billowed behind the car as it moved along the gravel driveway. It turned the corner and Mrs Galloway’s tan-gloved hand gave a final wave from the rear window before the car disappeared through the gate. I closed my eyes for a moment with relief she’d gone. By a miracle of timing I was free. It was over, but could I forget, or would the memories haunt me for years? Mr Frobisher clapped a large hand on my shoulder. It felt warm and firm. Safe. I glanced up. The man wore an easy-going smile on his weathered face and the lines around his eyes crinkled under his bushy grey eyebrows. â€Å"Come on, Lad,† he said. â€Å"Let me show you where you’ll sleep.† Warming to him, I half returned the smile, picked up my scarred suitcase and followed his lead.†¦show more content†¦Sam and Bert sleep in the next rooms. You’ll meet them at dinner.† The room looked bare; a bed, a chair and a dresser, chipped sickly yellow painted walls and a small window, its curtain wafting in the breeze. At least I didn’t have to share the room with eleven other boys as I had at the orphanage. Of greater importance, I need no longer fear Doctor Mangle. I shivered; not from cold, but memories. â€Å"I’ll leave you to unpack,† said Mr Frobisher. â€Å"Have a look around the place. When you hear the dinner gong, you’ve got five minutes to be at the house. Use the back door.† He wasn’t a man to waste words, but his manner was amiable. He raised his palm in a parting salute and walked out leaving the barn door open. I stood for a few seconds, taking in my new home. The silence yelled in the emptiness of the room. I’d forgotten how silence felt. It didn’t exist at the orphanage. During the day, shrieks of children’s laughter, chattering, clangs from the kitchen and the hum of the vacuum cleaner packed the air. At night, rhythmic breathing, coughs and creaking bedsprings gave constant background ambiance. Here, birds outside twittered in the trees and leaves rustled softly in the breeze. A horse snorted in a nearby paddock. Sounds floated past, without sharp intrusion into the room. The breeze refreshed and calmed me. I hoisted my suitcase onto the bed. With a click, I released the catches and liftedShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of The Landscape Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesas we drove through the valley, each offering wine tasting to anyone who is keen to sample their BC wine. We stopped at Stoneboat Vineyards, a family owned winery only 20 minutes from downtown Osoyoos. The lovely Julie Martiniuk greeted us, who together with her husband Lanny, purchased a 15 acre-orchard in 1979 and planted their first vines in 1983. 40 Years later, they now have over 48 acres and are producing award winning wines. Each winery has its own interesting story, and Stoneboat is no exceptionRead More Use of Symbols and Symbolism in The Great Gatsby Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagespersonalities and time periods. Throughout the narrative, Fitzgerald uses strong contrasting symbols such as West Egg and East Egg. His superior use of other predominant symbols such as color and light are also evident throughout the novel. The story begins as the narrator, Nick Carraway, describes his arrival to West Egg. One can immediately spot new-money Gatsby and no-money Nick on one side of the bay and old-money Buchanans on the other (Tanner x). The superiority of East Egg to West EggRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1130 Words   |  5 Pagesaround 20% of the story is directly revealed through text. In comparison to an actual iceberg, that is usually the portion of the floating ice mountain that is visible above water. The other 80% of the story lies behind the scenes and is integrated in the structure of the story. This is similar to the lower part of iceberg that is located underwater: the part that is not visible on the surface of the sea. Without understanding the messages behind the text the plot and theme of the story would not developRead MoreThe European Immigration And The New World1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthe New World. Native American people would be forever changed by th ese immigrants to their culture. The European immigrants were mostly Judeo Christians while the Native Americans had their own belief system. These two cultures each have creation stories that are somewhat similar and yet still different. Judeo Christian beliefs hold that, in the first chapter of Genesis, God created the world in six days, while resting on the seventh. One the first day God created the heavens and the earth, the dayRead MoreSymbols in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesis that Fitzgerald, at no point in the story, needs to convey to his audience the theme of his novel directly. The main points of his novel are brought out by the powerful symbols he infuses in the book. Not only does he use them to convey his theme, but also ties them in to the rest of the story. Every aspect of this book is affected by the presence of one of his symbols. Through the use of the green light, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, and the Valley of the Ashes as symbols, Fitzgerald isRead Morezulu creation Essay706 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Cosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures HUM/105 January 8, 2014 Cosmic Creation Myths Across Cultures The study of mythology is used to describe stories from various cultures to describe certain events or pneumonias that may have taken place. Some cultures have changed the myths over time. Never the less, every Culture has its own opinion on the creation of the world. Most of the myths have similarities and differences on how the revolution of the world began. In this paper, theRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Hiltons Lost Horizon1060 Words   |  5 PagesMallinson, Miss Brinklow, and Henry Barnard. Hilton commences his novel by utilizing the literary technique of a frame. At a dinner meeting, friends share their insights into life, and eventually, from a neurologist, and friend of Conway, evolves the story of Conways exotic adventures. Apparently, Conway and the other three characters were on a plane that was hijacked by a member of the mystic civilization of Shangri-La. After crashing in the midst of nowhere, Conway led his group out of the planeRead More The Contributions of the Iroquois Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesThe Contributions of the Iroquois The Native American Indian tribe called the Iroquois contributed greatly toward America. They have many stories about the world, and how things came to be the way they are. They have one story about the creation of the world. They use oral traditional elements in this story which is represented by nature. They also use a romantic aspect, which is represented by God’s and the super natural. In the beginning there were two worlds. The lower world, and theRead MoreAncient Egyp Gods and Godesses: From A to Z1331 Words   |  6 Pagesworkers that worked on the tombs in the valley of the Kings during the 18th and 20th dynasties in the New Kingdom period. The village’s ancient name was Set Maat which means â€Å"The Place of Truth† and the workmen who lived there were called the â€Å"Servants in the place of truth†. The village is on the west bank of the Nile, across the river from modern-day Luxor, and in walking distance of The Valley of the Kings. It is laid out in a natural amphitheater, with the Valley of the Queens to the west, the funeraryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Anishinabe Creation Story1115 Words   |  5 Pagesorigin is vital to influencing the traditions and values that that society hold as important. Creation stories are the backbone to any religion or culture; The Anishinabe people are no exception to this phenomenon. Their creation s tory offers great insight into why their people acted a certain way and what they believed their relationship was to the world. A close analysis of the Anishinabe Creation Story explains certain aspects of the Anishinabe people, such as their patrilineal society and belief that